Human papillomavirus

1 July 2025

The human papillomavirus (HPV) virus is located exclusively in the basal layer of the skin and its reproduction occurs in the upper layers.This disease is characteristic of its chronic form with periodic relapses.

Incubation period and stages of development

The incubation period of the virus is different.This type of virus is characterized by hidden current.The subclinical form of the course of the disease is characteristic of the appearance of inconspicuous during a simple examination of the rashes that cause discomfort of the patient in the genital area.You can immediately become infected with several varieties of papillomaviruses.Under the influence of some factors, the virus is activated and its reproduction begins and the disease enters the clinical manifestations.In 90 % of cases, self -medication occurs for six months a year, in some cases a chronic recurrent course with a high probability of malignancy (depending on the type of virus) may occur.The disease goes into four stages (stages):

Stage 1 (initial) - latent course of papillomavirus infection.The virus is in the body, but does not appear, does not cause transformation in cells.At this stage, it can be identified by PCR analysis;

2 - Clinical signs occur - in the form of skin growth.The virus causes an accelerated division of epidermal cells.At this stage, the virus is detected during PCR, cytology and histology (discovered by the presence of hyperkeratosis);

3 - dysplasia.The structure of the cells (colocytosis) changes - this is visible under a microscope, since viral DNA begins to interact with DNA cells and causes the development of the so -called, integrated form.PCR methods, cytology and histology, as well as colposcopy are used for diagnosis;

Stage 4 - carcinoma.The development of the virus causes the mutation of cells and the appearance of malignant cells.Invasive cancer is formed.The diagnosis occurs in all the above methods and on the clinical manifestations.

Types HPV

More than a hundred types of HPV are determined to infect the urogenette tract of a person affecting the epithelium of the skin and mucous membranes of the genital organs - 35 species.For all types of HPV, a classification is used based on the types of manifesting, rashes and other skin manifestations.Tilt HPV with a description looks like this:

Different types of warts-for their appearance, HPV type 1-5 is responsible;
Subanal warts (they look like corn) -1-4 types of HPV.It is usually formed in those places where calluses or compression appear.In such places, the skin becomes dense and causes unpleasant sensations when pressed.Such warts do not pass and need surgical removal.There are two subspecies of plantar warts.One kind of sprouting deep into the fabric and hurts a lot, the other type resembles multiple outgrowths as if glued to each other - this type of warts hardly carries a sense of pain
Flat warts - 3, 5, 10, 28, 49 species.Most often the palms, the face are striking.They are usually found in young people and therefore this type of warts are called youth.The body often copes with this infection;
Ordinary warts - 27 HPV;
Vulgar warts - type 2 virus (as a rule, the body itself handles this type of virus).It is transmitted inside;

Spicy warts affecting the vagina, vulva, genitals, cervix, uterus, anus, in men can be on the head of the penis, on the skin of the foreskin, their location in the respiratory tract is also located - types 6, 11, 13, 16.18, 33;
HPV highly oncogenic risk, causing a precancerous state - 39 type;
An epidermodipsplasia was founded.It can be of two types: called HPV 5, 8, 47 - for skin cancer in 9 cases of 10, this virus is in the patient's blood, another type caused by HPV 14, 20, 21, 25 usually causes benign neoplasms;
Laryngeal papillomatosis - type 11 virus. It is usually transmitted from mother to child, but it is possible to become infected with oral sex.Causes difficulty in swallowing, hoarse voice, if the amount of papilloma is high, breathing worsens;
Bowenoid Papules.This type is provoked 16, sometimes 18, 31-35, 42, 48, 51-54 with the species HPV.Most often, representatives of the male half, who have many sexual partners, can appear.Externally, these formations look like semicircular or flat growths with a smooth or rough surface, the color is different - from completely light to almost black.The disease can go on its own, this is a type of virus.

Symptoms and specifics of HPV in men, women and children

In order to overcome the infection in the early stages, human immunity is quite strong.Most often, the disease does not develop and a person does not even suspect the presence of HPV, as external symptoms may not occur.But after a while (months or years), some signs of HPV infection may occur.Statistics show only 5-10 % of those who have external symptoms of HPV (human papillomavirus).The disease is asymptomatic - the greater part of the patients has no signs of the disease.When the virus is activated, a growth of different species may occur, which speak of the presence of different types in the body.Localization sites also talk about the type of virus.For example, papillomas have the form of soft elongated outgrowths (merciless warts) that are attached to the legs, the color may not be different from the skin color, but is also pigmented.It is possible to appear formed outgrowths, soft until the pink is touching.

In women, the specificity of the course of the disease is such that the development of the disease can occur in a hidden form, but sometimes causes the formation of genital papillomas.Once infected with the virus, the woman may not monitor any symptoms until the onset of menopause, at that time the virus can cause the malignant of the cells of the mucous membrane of the genital organs.To prevent the development of cervical cancer caused by the presence of HPV, regular examination by the doctor will help.Because externally, this disease may not manifest itself.In children, under the influence of the virus, warts on the skin, papillomatosis of the larynx may develop (usually in chronic return).Papillomatosis of the larynx causes breathing problems to suffocation syndrome.Skin warts are present in 12 % of students, this is the most common dermatological disease in children.

HPV and pregnancy

HPV in a pregnant woman is not the most dangerous disease for herself and the unborn child.The expectant mother should only be cautious if she has found 6 or 11 VPV type (causing genital or anal warts), which, when transmitted to the newborn, may have consequences in the form of respiratory papillomatosis.In the presence of a wart in such quantities or places that prevent the expulsion of the fetus, it is possible to prescribe a caesarean section, since during ordinary birth the warts can provoke the development of bleeding.All other forms of papilloma (abnormal lesions) are non -deceived for the child and the course of pregnancy.

Diagnostics and to whom you should contact

The following examination methods are used to diagnose papillomavirus:

personal examination of the patient;
blood test;
Colposcopy;
Tsytology Smear-Papa test;
Tissue histology;
PCR is a polymerase chain reaction.This analysis not only allows you to learn about the presence of a virus, but also to determine its type.But if the analysis is positive, it does not mean that this type of HPV will not pass on its own.This analysis also determines all types of papillomavirus;
urethroscopy;
Biopsy.

If there are no external signs in the form of a rash, the patient has no complaints and the presence of HPV DNA is only determined by analysis - it can come from a transitional viral infection (a person is a carrier).Due to the fact that HPV can be the cause of diseases of different organs, if any, doctors from different directions.In the presence of warts on the skin of the face and body, they turn to a dermatologist.With plantar warts - a dermatologist or surgeon.With warts in men - of the urologist (surgeon), for women - of the gynecologist (surgeon).If the warts are present in the anus area, then you should contact a proctologist.If a wart epidermodisfelia is suspected, then a dermatologist or oncologist.Papillomatosis of larymal requires an appeal to an otolaryngologist or surgeon, combat papulosis - you should contact a urologist or venereologist.Differential diagnosis is also required for diseases such as micropapillomatosis, vestibular papillomatosis, unlike HPV, do not require treatment, as with the resemblance of external signs, they are a variant of the anatomical norm.Decipping the regulatory values of the blood test will be shown by the lack of HPV.

Treatment

So, completely treated by HPV or not?Today, no antiviral medicine is known that can remove HPV from the body.Various interferons and other medicines in this series - reduce only existing warts, but do not reduce the frequency of new ones.The main method of treatment is the removal of papillomas.The main methods of removal are the following:

Surgical.It is performed under local anesthesia;
Radio surgical.The tumor is cut with a radio wave electrode, the vessels are coagulated.After performing an antiseptic dressing;
Laser.This method is contactless and bloodless.The crust remains at the point of removal, healing under it.The disadvantage of the method is the high risk of recurrence of the disease, a relatively high cost and the need to digest the other scars;
Electrocoagulation.According to the results and efficiency, it is similar to the previous two ways;
Cutting.The complete removal of papillomas occurs after several sessions.

Although with the help of these methods the external manifestations of the virus are completely eliminated, this is not considered an absolute ejection of infection, but only relatively, since one does not cease to be the carrier of a virus and after a certain period of the wart can reappear.There is no universal method of non -working treatment for all categories of patients (men, women and children).Only laser removal can be considered an alternative.But when you apply it, there is a risk of malignancy (malignancy) papillomas.After surgery, the patient is prescribed by the infusion of a single dose of steroid drug that prevents swelling, and antibiotics are also prescribed to avoid wound infection.During the therapy, HPV should completely stop sex life until full treatment, as well as examine and, if necessary, treatment, partner.

Home treatment and folk remedies

In addition to the traditional treatments, I use others that are officially recognized as medicines and which can be performed at home:

Salicylic acid processing.Warts should be treated with acid solution every day (15-20%).This method has one drawback - processing must be done for a very long time;
Cream processing.They are lubricated with warts three times a week.But when used, it is possible to feel itching, erosion, redness of the skin is possible;
Retinoids in the form of cream.They process warts for - 12 weeks.Its use is also prohibited during pregnancy;
Injection in the focus of the infection once every 7 days, within three to four weeks. Use is prohibited during pregnancy;
Cautheraization of warts, papillomas and destruction of pathogenic germs.The wart should be processed constantly within an hour.Then a break is taken for a week and processing is performed.If the papilloma does not disappear, after 14 days another processing is performed and so no more than 4 procedures.It is forbidden to use in senile warts and in pediatrics;

If we are talking about treatment with purely folk remedies, then the use of Celandine has gained great popularity.Its juice is treated with a wart several times a day.When darkened, the dark skin is removed and continued to spread further until the wart is completely removed.

Prevention

The main prevention measures are considered:

observance of personal hygiene in public places;
Compliance with a healthy lifestyle, maintaining immunity;
A permanent sexual partner, in sexual intercourse with an unprecedented partner - uses a condom;
sufficient intake of vitamins;
to lead a sex life not early in 18 years, when the mucous membrane of the cervix is already mature and can be protected;
Avoid artificial termination of pregnancy and coarse sex;
Treat inflammatory diseases over time.

During vaccination, some side effects in the form of worsening, fever, redness of the skin at the site of introduction of the vaccine can sometimes be observed.